Validity of anti-stress claims made by therapeutic aroma candle developers Essay Example

Validity of anti-stress claims made by therapeutic aroma candle developers Essay Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not the claims of therapeutic aroma candle developers that their product actually relieves stress can be statistically supported.Hypothesis: Aroma candle manufacturers claim that their products significantly reduce stress levels in individuals. One quantitative measure of stress is blood pressure which is significantly higher in stressed out individuals than in people who are not stressed. I therefore hypothesize that exposure to therapeutic aroma candles significantly reduces blood pressure in stressed out adults.Part A:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Select 20 adults with average blood pressures of 160/110 (Mean high blood level) with a standard deviation of 10/10.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arrange two similar room set-ups (designated room A B respectively). Each room must have amenities that are conducive to relaxation. Each set-up must have:a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comfortable areas to sit or lie down onb.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option for music or televisionc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pleasant air-conditioning3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Select an Ylang-ylang scented aroma candle. Ylang-ylang scented candles are claimed to relieve anger, alleviate anxiety, and reduce stress (Hammer, 1995).4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Add Ylang-ylang scented aroma candles in room B.Part B:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Measure the subjects’ blood pressures before the beginning of the experiment2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Randomly select 10 of the subjects and have them spend one hour in Room A. Have the remaining 10 subjects spend one hour in Room B.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the hour has passed, measure the blood pressure of each of the subject.4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Repeat the procedure on a similar day, but interchange the room assignments. This means that the 10 people who spent their first session in Room A will spend their second session in Room B and vice versa for the other 10 people.5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You may repeat steps 1 – 4 a few more times in order to strengthen the quality of the results.Part C:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of subjects before and after they entered Room A.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of subjects before and after they entered Room B.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of the 10 individuals who were randomly selected for Room A in Part B (Step 2) to those selected in Room B after they spend the hour in their respective rooms.4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressures of the two groups mentioned in step 3 again after they had switched rooms.5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of individuals after they entered Room A to the same individuals after they entered Room B.References:Hammers, E. (1995). Aroma Therapy. New York: Gallant Press.

Centro Escolar University An Undergraduate School Essays

Centro Escolar University An Undergraduate School Essays Centro Escolar University An Undergraduate School Essay Centro Escolar University An Undergraduate School Essay A Thesis Presented to Ms. E. Cajayon Centro Escolar University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management by Vlairene J. BracamonteFerdinand Ken Banson Rynyll Dyx G. BernalAce H. Magat Edlloyd R. Panim CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Background Introduction Centro Escolar University is one of the schools that are supporting the program for operational improvement and this is the 7S.The 7S stands for Sort, Sweep, Systematize, Standardize, Safety, Security, and Self- Discipline. The common problems that are encountered by the students are time management, being disorganized, productivity, and attitude problem. Implementing the 7S to Centro Escolar University will be a big help on the students to improve. As it helps them apply the 7S in their attitude make them organized and improve everything they do. Implementation of 7S to the students will greatly improve the students’ problems.This can help them motivate to do things better and can boost their confidence. 7S is posted in every building in Centro Escolar University, this is to remind the students to practice and apply the 7S in everything they do. The researchers are future BSHRM graduates. They feel that 7S are very appropriate to their future career. In this reason why they were obliged to assess the knowledge and practices of 7S among third year HRM students of Centro Escolar University. Background of the StudyThis study is focused on 7S and if the third year HRM students know how to use 7S and if they are applying the 7S in their laboratory exercises and in their daily routine. The researchers have conducted the survey about the 7S by giving questionnaires to the HRM third year students. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to find out how do third year level Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management of Centro Escolar University implement and follow the 7S during laboratory exercises. Specifically, this study soug ht to answer the following questions: 1.What was the profile of the respondents in terms of: 2. 1. Name 2. 2. Age 2. 3. Gender 2. What are the practices of the third year BSHRM students with regard to 7S? 3. What is the knowledge of the third year BSHRM students with regard to 7S? 4. How do the respondents apply the 7S in their laboratory exercises? 5. What is the importance of 7S inside the laboratory? Objective of the Study The objective of the study is to know if the third year HRM students are applying the 7S in their laboratory exercises. Assumption of the StudyThis study is based on the assumption of the respondents that are truthful and honest in answering the survey questionnaire. At the end of the study, the readers will have knowledge about the importance of 7S. This study will also give information not only to the respondents but also to other students, employees, faculty staff, and future researchers. Significance of the Study This study will help the readers gain knowle dge about the importance of 7S. It will also help them to be organized on their daily work.This study will also be beneficial to the students, faculty members, and school employees. This can also help the future researchers; it will help them expand their knowledge about 7S practices and add more details on their future studies. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study is focused on the 7S and if the respondents applying it within the food laboratory. The number of respondents was limited to 40 persons only because the school only has 4 sections open from the third year HRM students. Conceptual framework InputProcessOutput Implementing the 7S being organize Proper time management * Students * Faculty Staff * Employee Survey questions about 7S Chapter II Review of Related Studies Foreign Literature â€Å"The goal and process of the first â€Å"S† is organization. The sort process distinguishes needed items from unneeded items and removes the latter. This process forces p eople to remove all items not currently needed for work, whether they are in the factory or in the office. It is initially the most difficult for people who are afraid to let go of parts, machines, and data just in case they may be needed in the future.However, red-tagging items allows workers to set aside and evaluate items and information in terms of their usefulness and frequency of use. The items and information are returned, stored elsewhere, sold, given away, or thrown away. Red tagging is best done in one target area at a time and within one or two days. When red tagging is completed, problems and annoyances in the workflow are reduced, communication between workers is improved, product quality is increased, and productivity is enhanced. † â€Å"Many believe that 5S is a must-have tool.For any of the tools in the toolkit for becoming lean quick changeover, total productive maintenance, mistake proofing, and so on 5S significantly helps in both the implementation and sustaining of improvements. The Gold Standard for 5S is that anyone should be able to find anything in their own workplace in less than 30 seconds, and anywhere else in the workplace in less than 5 minutes without talking to anyone, opening a book, or turning on a computer. 5S is the foundation for successful lean implementation. S is the tool to begin, support, and sustain the lean journey. † â€Å"The implementation team, typically consisting of supervisors and team leaders, is the next group to be trained. Requiring the same training as upper management plus training in team leadership, they should receive practical training through the implementation of pilot projects. A good approach is to carry out one pilot program under the leadership of the 5S advisor (a consultant or internal resource fully experienced in all aspects of 5S) and then to carry out a second one on their own.A program committee that includes the plant manager and some of the area workers should coordina te the preliminary work. Once the preliminary work is completed, plans describing implementation of the Five S campaign should be prepared and released. When the results are satisfactory, the program can then be launched company wide. † â€Å"5S  has been practiced amongst many Japanese companies for many years and it is unclear when and where it was started. I was certainly before the  Toyota Production System,  Total Productive Maintenance  and even before Total  Quality  Management had been developed.It had been practiced in many companies, long before this time. Initially, it was started as seiri-seiton, as a combination of two words which were easy to pronounce, and later it was more sophisticated by adding the other three words  to make it a more comprehensive concept. The words seiri-seiton was used commonly in non-manufacturing areas, such as in schools, where students  were told by the teacher to do seiri-seiton of their desk, books and notes.? The wo rds were also used commonly in the offices most to mean the arrangements of documents and personal articles. â€Å"My theory is that having a clean, tidy, well maintained and organized workplace is not another post war miracle, or a tool that consultants wheel in and claim to be revolutionary†¦it’s just common sense and part of fostering a  culture  of continuous  improvement. † Notes http://emsstrategies. com/dm103103article. html http://nz. kaizen. com/5s/where-did-5s-come-from. html Questionnaire Name:Yearamp;Sec: Age:Gender: Direction: 1. What do you mean by 7S? 2. How do you apply 7S in the laboratory? 3. How often do you sanitize your workplace in the laboratory? . How often do you wash your hands during laboratory? 5. What is mise en place? 6. Do you still follow mise en place? 7. How do you sanitize your workplace? 8. Are you practicing the 7S? 9. Are you implementing 7S even outside the campus? 10. How do you apply safety in the laboratory? CHAPTER 3 Methodology This chapter deals with research methods and procedure used in conducting the study. This includes the method of research, sampling technique, respondents of the study, questionnaire, validation of the questionnaire and statistical treatment.Method of Research used The researchers used the descriptive method of research. This is designed for the investigation to gather information about presenting existing condition, or simply the systematic process of gathering, analyzing and tabulating the information about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, trends, cause, and effect to make accurate interpretation of such data. This method was used because of its quality of representing and containing description. It is used to analyze data taken from the questionnaire answered by the respondents.This described the assessment of knowledge and practices of 7S among 3rd year BSHRM students of CEU Manila. Subject of the Study The subject of the study consisted of the 3rd year B SHRM students of Centro Escolar University Manila. The researchers used survey questionnaire in the collection of data gathered from the respondents. This is a list of research or survey questions asked to the respondents, and designed to extract specific information. The researchers distributed 40 survey questionnaires to selected third year level Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management.The data gathered were then tallied in a quantitative form and expressed in frequency and distribution. Validation of the Instrument The questionnaire was first presented to the research adviser for face validation as well as content validation. Statistical Treatment The researchers used Sloven’s formula as statistical treatment. The size of the sample and the size of the population were derived, by dividing population, by one and add the population multiplied by margin of error. The formula is shown as follows; Formula: Where: n = the size of the sample or respondents N= the s ize of the population e = margin of error

Define Global Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Define Global Governance - Essay Example These factors are very common and can never be downplayed by the champions of global governance. It is like this: A father or an elderly person is the head of a family where all members of it should generally go by the word of the former. But practically, you would find different perceptions even in a family on issues of importance as each and every member of family seeks individuality in conducting his / her own affairs. This is because as we find different mentalities and opinions on part of individuals. This situation can be extended to a global village where all nations are expected to adhere to the directives of the global governing body irrespective of its nature. Even in a country where all state or provincial governments are guided and controlled by a single federal government, we find differences and quarrels over sharing of river waters and other petty issues. In most of the countries, governments have been facing separatist agitations or movements for some reason or the ot her. The sole reason for this situation is that no one agrees with the other on issues of prime importance. In such a situation, we cannot expect all nations to go by one single commanding entity on several issues at the international level. A recent example is North Korea which defied the world nations and test fired seven missile launches that could carry nuclear warheads. It jolted the entire world and the USA was the first country to react in a threatening manner. North Korea's immediate neighbor Japan also lost no time in calling for an urgent meeting of the UN Security Council to discuss the issue (Marquand, 2006). We must not undermine the argument of North Korea that the US has no business to question its missile program as it had tons and tons of nuclear missiles and warheads on the American soil. This argument is not without reason and most surprisingly, neither the UN nor any other global governing body supervising the nuclear arms proliferation supported the logical North Korean argument. The USA has a clear responsibility to answer the North Korean claim in a convincing manner. When the global governing agencies like the UN and the International Atomic Energy Commission succeed in obtaining an answer from t he USA that convinces the North Korean Government that could only be the first step in the right direction towards achieving global governance for all practical purposes! Bibliography to be included in journals section Marquand, Robert 2006, 'Korea's missile salvo to world', Christian Science Monitor, July 06 edition.

Antietam Battle Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Antietam Battle Analysis - Essay Example Besides, the growth and development of democratic ideas forced the Northern States to fight against the Southern states which was under the influence of slavery, forced labor and slave trade. The battle of Antietam can be considered as a turning point in history of the struggle for freedom and individual liberty in America. Still, the victory of the Union forces under the direct leadership of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan proves the importance of military tactics, experience and single minded dedication in the battle field. On the other side, the Confederate forces failed to defeat the Union forces because they did not provide ample importance to military tactics and waited for reinforcement forces. In short, the battle of Antietam led the Americans, especially the African American slaves, towards freedom from slavery and forced labor. The Battle of Antietam occurred on 17 September 1862, in and the surrounding areas of Sharpsburg. The other areas include Maryland and Antietam Creek. The battle occurred between the Confederate forces (Confederate States Army) and Union forces (Union Army) in the American mainland. This battle is generally considered as a turning point in the American Civil War, which ignited the spirit of freedom among the slaves, especially the African Americans in America. The Confederate side was led by General Robert E. Lee, and the Union Army was under the direct control of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. ... Besides, the Battle of Antietam was a single-day battle but it resulted in high casualty. Both the opposing sides were forced to suffer heavy loss because thousands of deaths were reported. But the lack of planning related to warfare techniques hindered the Union Army from destroying the Southern Army. To be specific, Union forces possessed enough resources to destroy the Southern side. But lack of planning from the side of McClellan helped the Southern Army to have ample time to withdraw from the battlefield. Eventually, the Southern forces withdrew from Maryland to Virginia. On the other side, the Southern side’s decision to withdraw from Maryland helped Abraham Lincoln to announce and implement the decision to prohibit slavery and free the slaves in America. So, one can see that the Antietam Battle eventually led America to be a unified federation, which is against slavery and in favor of democratic ideas. Some of the resources used in this work include: Battle of Antietam: The Bloodiest Day by Ted Alexander, Grant and Lee: Victorious American and Vanquished Virginian by Edward H. Bonekemper, and Historical Atlas of the United States, with Original Maps by Derek Hayes. Review Strategic Setting: As pointed out, Antietam Battle ignited the spirit of democratic though and changed the general opinion on slavery and forced labor. The immediate cause of the battle is interconnected with the clash between the southern and Northern states in America on slavery, forced labor, and slave trade. Stephen W. Sears claims that â€Å"The realities of Antietam were brought home to the Northern citizenry more vividly than any previous battle† (Sears 2003, 20).1 The

Report of recent financial crisis and writing a report Essay

Report of recent financial crisis and writing a report - Essay Example The Big Short significantly explains the banking crisis of crisis of 2007–2008 by unfolding the events preceding the crisis, the actual crisis, and the characters involved (Lewis 1-5). Michael Lewis derives that a crazy, fabricated money machine, built on flawed mathematical models that most financial executives did not really understand the caused the crisis leading to loses of several trillion dollars through government bailouts. He establishes that in the late 1980s, Wall Street imagined that it could generate â€Å"bond-like† financial products from other debt-based income streams like home mortgages and credit cards. In this context, a bond represented an income stream based on borrowed money. As such, Wall Street designed mortgage bonds in form of stacked layers to enable everybody to access them. As a result, investors craving for higher returns on their money invested in the lower â€Å"tranches† while investors seeking lower returns invested in the highe r tranches. Indeed, we can trace the 2008 financial crisis from the development of the mortgage derivatives (Lewis 21-27). With the help of ratings agencies, Wall Street turned subprime mortgages into exotic, toxic financial products that attracted huge turnovers through laundering and reselling. The subprime mortgages had higher risks attached to them but equally paid much higher interest rates designed for borrowers with lower credit worthiness. As a result, the demand for the subprime mortgages from Wall Street increased leading to increased motivation on the lender for additional subprime mortgages. In addition, marketing for the subprime mortgages increased considerably and more people took up the loans. Indeed, Michael Lewis argues that these financial instruments became opaque and complex everyday overshadowing the fact that their foundation lay on suspect loans that kept rising (Lewis 112-117). With more people willing to buy the subprime mortgages, the quality of the mortga gees decreased, the risk for Wall Street’s mortgage bonds increased, and it became harder to sell the bonds to investors. Unfortunately, as the unstable foundation of subprime mortgages became weaker and posed a greeter danger to the world economy, the chief executives of America’s premier banks did not foresee it. Indeed, government regulators and treasury officials also failed to identify the eminent danger. Nevertheless, some investors saw it and used the opportunity to make huge financial benefits from the financial crisis. However, Michael Lewis notes that Wall Street firms had the ability to hide the risk by making the idea complex and using the rating agencies. Actually, the rating agencies that included Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s   helped in giving risky ratings that equaled the US treasuries thus opening the financial market to many of CDO buyers. At this period, Americans bought the mortgages in large numbers without knowing that the mortga ge demand emanated from their actions. Michael Lewis introduces one of the investors who sought to benefit from this financial crisis as Darwinian world of the bond market. He also introduces Michael Burry, who became obsessed with investing and started a fund with the family money. Lewis states that after studying the bond market in 2004, Dr. Burry became convinced

Main Stages Involved In Capacity Management Tourism Essay

Main Stages Involved In Capacity Management Tourism Essay Capacity management in the tourism industry is measured by the available seat-miles per month. Capacity management is an important factor within hospitality operations as it tests activity for the manager and therefore gives them an indication of the maximum level of value-added over a period of time, so they can see what the operation could achieve in normal conditions. According to Armistead and Clark (1994, p6) Capacity management is the ability to balance demand from customers and the capability of the service delivery system to satisfy the demand. This places an emphasis on understanding first, the nature of demand by forecasting and second, the options for managing capacity to meet the expected demand. The process consists of forecasting and managing capacity, these are made up from smaller components which will be discussed in further details in this report. 2. Forecasting Forecasting is used to identify capacity gaps between product demand and the current capacity. It is an important process in all management decisions not just tourism management; although each situation is different you can apply the same procedures to make realistic capacity decisions within any business. Forecasting methods can be divided into qualitative and quantitative categories which are based on the availability of historical time series data. Establishing the level of demand when forecasting is of the upmost importance as failure to do so can cause over booking and overcrowding. Other eventualities from inaccuracy of forecasting can include incorrect numbers for staff and lack aircrafts which was one of the factors which effected American airlines development in 1990 (Krajewski and Ritzman, p275) . It helps to understand product life cycle as it will impact the capacity. It is also important for a manager to look at external factors such as trends as they will have an effect on the supply and demand of a product or service, these can include; Ageing population- this will affect the quantitative forecasting as our current population is living longer, so you cant use historical data to establish relationships as its continuously changing. Seasonal trends- They can depend social, economic and environmental impacts. This would be best measure by qualitative forecasting. Disposable income- Due to the recession people will have less disposable income. 2.1 Forecasting Techniques There are various different forecasting techniques that cover various timescales, the two most common techniques are: Long-term capacity management For large projects Usually planned over several years In tourism this will involve several departments Short-term capacity management Plan and order resources Usually a monthly, weekly or daily basis Tourism short term capacity management would involve the cleaning of an aircraft Long term planning requires demand forecasts for an extended period of time, the decisions made are often concerned with strategic decisions to ensure achievement of their desired objectives. Short-term capacity management focuses on relatively small time durations and specific processes; they are specifically for smaller levels of operation. Unfortunately, forecast accuracy declines as the forecasting time lengthens. Forecasts also dont allow for competitors actions however waiting line models and decision trees do. 3. Types of forecasting Forecasting methods can be divided into two broad approaches, these are; Qualitative Quantitative The majority of forecasting techniques use past or historical data in the form of time series. One single method is never used on its own as they are both usually interlinked. 3.1Qualitative Forecasting The Qualitative method generally uses the judgment of experts in the appropriate field to generate forecasts. An advantage of this is that experts can generate a forecast if there isnt any historical data available. The main challenge to qualitative data analysis is that there is no clear and accepted set of conventions for analysis corresponding to those observed with quantitative data (Robson, 1993, p.370). The most popular methods of qualitative forecasting are: Delphi technique Scenario writing Subject approach Expert opinion Life cycle analysis 3.2 Quantitative forecasting The Quantitative methods use historical data; the methods consist of analyzing historical data concerning the time series of the particular variable of interest and other time series if they interlink with the area concerned. There are two main methods used within quantitative forecasting, the first method bases the future forecast on a past trends, these are known as time series methods. The second method also uses historical data. But the forecaster examines the cause and effect relationships of the variable with other relevant variables such as; Disposable income Interest rate Unemployment rate The state of the economy e.g. the recession This type of forecasting uses past time series, forecasting techniques that are under this category are called casual methods. 4. Capacity management After deciding what products and services should be on offered, management should then plan the systems capacity. The first step in the Capacity Management process, forecasting, is the best way to judge attendance and understand product life cycle. Therefore Capacity Management itself is used to make sure the capacity, from a tourism managers point of view, meets the targets set. The capacity of an airline usually depends on the location and the available seats per miles, as well as staff, time and other resources which are used. 4.1 Measuring Capacity According to (Krajewski and Ritzman, p276) No single capacity measure is applicable to all types of situations Every manager will have to take other factors into consideration before they measure their capacity. If there is an insufficient capacity it wont be possible to meet all of the demand, therefore to much capacity is provided and this will result in resources not being used to their maximum capability. 4.2 Coping with Demand The need for accurate forecasts of tourism demand to assist managerial decision making is highly important as the tourism product is perishable and if it doesnt meet the demand they lose revenue as an aircraft still has to fly without the demand being met. There are several ways of coping with demand and these are; Keep the activities level of resources constant and ignore any fluctuations. Adjust capacity to match demand. Change the demand to fit the capacity. 4.3 Queuing Theory Queuing theory is important to an as its one of the important factors in meeting their attendees needs. Queues arise when a demand for a service has exceeded the capacity, the customer doesnt get the service straight away upon arrival so they must wait for the service to be ready. This is an important for an airport as they have a random system which customers can arrive at any time; it isnt difficult for an airport to experience queues, but it is important that they deal with them sufficiently. These queues will often build up, disappear in quieter periods and then reappear all the time as there are always flights departing and arriving. Airports offer departing guests waiting rooms and shops to deal with queues and when they arrive they must go through customs which is a slow but easy method for managing the mass amount of people. 4.4 Queue Discipline Most managers will employ a simple queuing method to ensure a positive experience for the customer. These can be; Priority system for certain customers FIFO First In First Out LIFO Last In First Out 5. Conclusion This report has looked at the three main stages involved in capacity management and the different methods available to any manager. Although forecasting isnt always accurate, there is a wide variety of techniques in the first stage which can be used for any method. It is highly important to consider past experience as well as modern trends for more of a refined forecast, failure to do so could lead into an inaccurate forecast. The capacity management stage can then deal with the demand if it is insufficient or too high, then the queuing theory may be taken into consideration. In an airport due to the nature of the business it is unpredictable to measure the amount of customers as people can come and go as they please. This means the queuing theory may or may not make the service time, however if the demand has been manipulated to help predict the expected demand then it will reduce the waiting time and overall give the customer a positive experience. All of the stages combined prepare a tourism manager for any unforeseen outcomes in a tourism service and will allow them to successfully manage any outcome.

Project Management is an Art Form NOT a Science Essay -- Business, Case

Project Management: Art to the Rescue! "Is project management more of a science or more of an art form?" Introduction Today’s business executives are asking their managers and employees â€Å"to do more†¦ with less†. Fewer Project Managers are leading more projects with poor results, the latest Standish Group – Chaos Report shows that only 28% of IT projects succeed. Many believe that the key to Project success in not applying technical management principles, but rather, more artful soft skills such as communication and creativity. (Belzer, 2004). This case study will present and discuss why the application of soft skills will help today’s stressed-out Project Managers implement successful projects. Not only must projects be deployed on time and within budget, they must ultimately bring value to the stakeholder. Often times relating this information to the project sponsor requires creativity rather than a montage of colorful Gantt charts and graphs. The truly gifted Project Managers are those that can apply the systematic hard skills in an artful manner by using soft skills. To that end, some systematic or science related management skills will be discussed, along with the soft skills and how they are used together to successfully manage projects. Scientific Approach Systematic or â€Å"hard† skills such as Gantt Charting or diagramming are just some of the tools Project Managers use to track project activities. While they are important to project success they are not the end all. Successful Project Leaders know the winning formula for combining hard skills with soft skills. A thorough understanding of the technical system to be deployed allows project leaders to break the project down into many smaller tasks. Assign... ...also qualities of successful managers. Good leaders apply artistic traits to scientific tools in order to effectively manage complex projects. Bibliography: Kate Belzer (2004) Project Management: Still More Art than Science Andrew D. Brown, Matthew R. Jones (1998) Doomed to failure: narratives of inevitability and conspiracy in a failed IS project. Organization Studies, Winter. Michael Greer (1999) 14 Key Principles for PM Success. Chapter 6: Planning and Managing Human Performance Technology Projects, "Handbook of Human Performance Technology, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Craig Schiff (January, 2004) Maximize Business Performance: Getting Started: The BPM Project Life Cycle Paul Worthington (2001) Case Study – Developing Project Management Skills in Managing Death March Projects. Working paper, School of Business, Curtin University, Perth, AU

Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis

Ford Motor Company was established in 1903 by Henry Ford (www. history. com, 1996-2013). This company has been a leader in the automobile manufacturing industry for over 100 years. The first vehicle ever sold by Ford Motor Co. was the Model A passenger vehicle. It was a two cylinder, eight horsepower, gas driven vehicle that could carry up to four passengers. Five years later (1908) Mr. Ford introduced the Model T passenger vehicle which was intended to be an affordable vehicle for everyone.Since then Ford Motor Co.  has been an innovative genius by developing some of the best technology related to assembly lines and universal automobile parts. Today, Ford Motor Co. offers 34 different styles of vehicles that are intended for a variety of purposes (www. ford. com, 2013). The manufacturer suggested retail price for the most basic compact vehicle is just over $13,000. 00 (www. ford. com, 2013). The fleet is made up of cars, sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks, full-sized vans, hybr ids, and commercial vehicles (www. ford. com, 2013).Ford also possesses the means to help customers finance a vehicle through their Ford Credit Department. Here the customer can apply for credit, estimate payments, or even build a household budget (www. ford. com, 2013). These tools protect both the customer and Ford Motor Co. from defaulting loans and loss of revenue. Factors that affect Supply and Demand The factors that affect the demand for car seats are lower birth rates, safety, and price. Lower birth rates affect the demand for car seats because there will be less people that need to purchase car seats.Safety can affect the demand for car seats because many people shop for the safest car seat that will protect their child in case of a car accident. The demand for car seats can also be affected by price because people shop for the safest but affordable car seats they can find. One factor that can affect the supply for car seats is the increase in cost for producing car seats f rom government regulations. The increase in cost can decrease the amount of car seats that are produced. This can affect the equilibrium price because a decrease in supply and increase in demand can cause the equilibrium price to increase.However, on the other hand if there is a decrease in demand and a decrease in supply, the equilibrium price can decrease. The car seats that will be sold at Ford will be considered to be in a perfectly competitive market. Our main competitors are Britax, Chicco, and Graco. Our potential customers are those who purchase or own Ford vehicles. Our car seats are specially designed to fit Ford vehicles to make it easier and safer for the children of our customers. It saves them time and money because they do not have to shop around for a car seat that best fits their vehicle.Our safety ratings and prices are comparable to other top rated car seats. Long-Term Profitability Being that Ford has in the past only dealt with the manufacturing of only vehicles the production of car seats for children may have a different impact on the economy. Companies such as Evenflo, Graco, Chicco, and others are the names that people are used to hearing when it comes to car seats for their children. Knowing that Ford does have a good reputation in the United States with giving consumers the feeling of safety developing a car seat that fits comfortably in the vehicles can only help this.At the start up of producing car seats by Ford there will be some challenges on deciding the details because they will be competing with some large brands that people have learned to respect. Parents only have the concern for safety of their children and if they feel that Ford can give this to them they may opt for purchasing not only a safe vehicle, but a car seat that has been developed to fit in the vehicle better. In the long-term profitability with technological change Ford will have an edge over their competitors and the cost will only be marginal.

Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Distance Learning

Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Distance Learning In the world of  online education, often known as distance learning, classes can be asynchronous or synchronous. What do those terms mean?  Knowing the difference between synchronous and asynchronous distance learning can help you choose a program that works best for your schedule, your learning styles and your education. Synchronous Distance Learning Synchronous distance learning occurs when the teacher and pupils interact in different places but during the same time. Students enrolled in synchronous courses are generally required to log on to their computer during a set time at least once a week. Synchronous distance learning may include multimedia components such as group chats, web seminars, video conferencing and phone call-ins. Synchronous learning generally works best for students who can schedule set days and times for their studies. People who like structured courses heavy on student interaction often prefer synchronous learning. Asynchronous Distance Learning Asynchronous distance learning occurs when the teacher and the pupils interact in different places and during different times. Students enrolled in asynchronous courses are able to complete their work whenever they please. Asynchronous distance learning often relies on technology such as email, e-courses, online forums, audio recordings and video recordings. Snail mail is another medium for asynchronous learning. Students with complicated schedules often prefer asynchronous distance learning. It also tends to work well for self-motivated learners who do not need direct guidance to complete their assignments. Choosing the Right Type of Learning When trying to decide between synchronous and asynchronous courses, take your learning style and schedule into consideration. If you get lonely studying independently or feel more comfortable working closely with your professors, synchronous courses may be a better choice. If you are unable to commit to specific class times due to work or family obligations, asynchronous distance learning may be the way to go. Look into more on the pros and cons of the different types of learning.  Ã‚   Teaching in the Multiple  Environments Whether the distance learning environment is synchronous or asynchronous, the teachers goal continues to be putting forth a strong presence, even in an online course. A teacher who relies  on synchronous, asynchronous or a combination of communication approaches must still communicate clearly, frequently and effectively for students to derive the most from the educational experience.

Trouble with Did and Had

Trouble with Did and Had Trouble with Did and Had Trouble with Did and Had By Maeve Maddox Ive begun to notice the use of did in contexts that call for had. In an episode of CSI New York, the Sinese character remarks: If I didnt do it, he would have killed me. Hes referring to something bad he did earlier in the episode. He wasnt killed, so the act hes referring to is both contrary to fact and in the past. The statement is an example of the contrary-to-fact past conditional. Because the if clause refers to a contrary-to-fact past event, it requires the past perfect form of the verb. If I hadnt done it, he would have killed me. Heres another example of using did when had was called for: Did you bring any beer? I wish I did. The speaker has arrived at a gathering of friends. Its clear from the context that hes wishing hed thought to bring some beer. The main verb in the first sentence is bring. The second sentence conveys a regret that the speaker did not carry out an act in the past. Since the bringing of the beer remained undone in the past, the past tense of bring is called for in the second sentence: Did you bring any beer? I wish I had (brought some is understood). What do you think? Do errors like these portend a further erosion of the past perfect? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.Expanded and ExtendedMay Have vs. Might Have

Critically evaluate the extent to which the change process in Essay

Critically evaluate the extent to which the change process in organisations is influenced by the attitudes and beliefs of individual managers more than the dynamics within the group - Essay Example The success of ant change program determines the success of the management as change has become one of the major challenges facing human resource managers and employees in equal measures. Changes in an organization are known to affect the people in such organizations positively or negatively depending on the position of an individual in the leadership hierarchy2. Resistance to change has become part of any organization and this explains the multiple academic researchers conducted to evaluate the impacts of resistance on the success of an organization. For an organization to successfully change from its traditional approach to a new one based on market needs, a number of factors must be visible within the organization3. Their attitude and belief in the change being implemented impacts to a lager extent on the success on the plan as opposed to the dynamism of the organization and its structural willingness to adapt to new methods of conducting business. In this paper, the level by which the attitude and belief of managers and top leaders of an organization influence the change program will be evaluated relative to the impact of the dynamism of the organization to the same. Attitude is defined as the feeling and perception that an individual develops towards a particular event or process which affects their ability to adopt a given program or idea. The attitude of managers on change impact on the change program in a similar or in a greater manner on the change process in an organization and such an attitude is easily passed to the employees that these managers are tasked to supervise. Within the psychological discourse, attitude has been shown to influence the tendency of an individual to act, feel, reason and even respond to a particular stimuli in life4. Attitude thus affects the cognition of an individual towards changes in an

Risk Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Plan - Essay Example Integrated marketing communication is an important part of every marketing activity before the event which helps organizers to achieve high response rate and popularity. The second risk is that the first deadline is due one week before the golf tournament, so there will be no time left for changes and improvements (the leaflets, ads, etc. are printed, and all arrangements are made). The third negative factor is that the same three persons are involved 100% in the final preparation, so neither of them will be able to make possible changes and help with new promotion opportunity. If Betty is involved in both activities, she could not objectively define the threats and drawbacks of the new advertising campaign. When morale is low, and feelings of frustration or alienation are found to exist, it is important that positive action is taken to remedy the causes. The sixth risk is that the staff can resist strongly changes in adverting campaign. They would be frustrated because the company d oes not appreciate their efforts and time spent on 'the old adverting plan". 1. The best solution for the first risk is to implement adverting campaign before the gold tournament according to the previous schedule. The new promotional opportunity an be added to the previous plan. It will not take much time and efforts of employees and ensure that the company will reach the main target audience. Senior management needs to develop a broad strategic vision, which calls for redesigned business processes (Campbell, 1997). 2. To meet the first deadline and avoid changes, it is important to consult the responsible persons during the preparation process. Also, it is possible to develop a rough plan if the primary plan would not work well. In order to leverage change, the manager can identify primary and secondary activities. Primary change activities are most directly related to the project. Primary change activities will include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service. The other group is support activities which will not have a direct impact on the project. It will help to avoid uncertainty and haste. 3. It would be possible to appoint the forth person in order to solve secondary problems of the plan. The project manager should identify a few core processes to be redesigned, focusing on those with the greatest potential payback. Symptoms of inefficient processes include excessive data redundancy and reentering information, too much time spent handling exceptions and special cases, or too much time spent on corrections and rework. The analysis should identify what organizational group owns the process, what organizational functions or departments are involved in the process, and what changes are required. The methods for identifying organizational information requirements described earlier in this chapter may be useful here. 4. Before the changes are made, the project manager should inform Betty about recent changes and ask her opinion about additional duties. Also, the company could pay her for additional hours, and